Childless Couples Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Childless Couples - Research Paper Example This essay would further revolve around couples with and without children and would provide the advantages and disadvantages of not having children. Couples who do not have children believe that they are better off without them as they can be happier this way. The advantages of not having children revolve around the expenses and nature of the child as he is born in this world. Nurturing and taking care of a child requires a lot of effort and this is considered stressful by many of the couples. Parenting requires effort in looking forward to every need of the child which becomes difficult for some of the couples (Chapati 2009). A professor of psychology states that immediately after marriage the couples get quite happy but later onwards after the couples bear a child the level of contentment drops. But he also asserts that married people are happier than the unmarried people because of the closeness that is involved in the relationship. He states "Figures show that married people are in almost every way happier than unmarried people – whether they are single, divorced, cohabiting". According to the professor when a couple is expecting a child the level of happiness rises high enough but as soon as the child is born the level of happiness descends. ... The psychologists analyze as to how couples get unhappy in these instances of child bearing (Devlin 2008). Another study carried out in Britain lately by British attitudes shows that married couples without children were the most happiest of all in terms of relationships. The research was backed by the Economic and Social Research Council and it showed that older couples were more discontent with their marriage than their young counterparts. The research also found that the couples became unhappy when their child was in a pre-school age. However after the child grew up into adolescence the relationship was healthy enough to be controlled. This clearly shows that child bearing couples have to face many problems unlike their counterparts who do not have to face the problems associated with child bearing (Martin 2011). A study also found that not bearing a child is also associated with better diet in childless couples. The study also found that the couples who had children ate a less he althy diet than their counterparts. The study in the agricultural economics found that the childless couples tend to consume more fruits and healthy food than their counterparts. The amount of meat consumed by the childless couples was also right whereas the ones with child consumed more of the dairy products. A professor from the University of Reading stated that â€Å"For whatever reason, the social dynamic in a household with children makes the diet on average more unhealthy.† This clearly shows that the childless couples have an edge in terms of diet over their counterparts. This again is considered as an advantage for those who do not bear a child (Bakalar

Landscape design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Landscape design - Essay Example We have civilization because we are able to distort the natural environment for our benefit. Functional landscapes are those that necessitate few resources in order to be maintained. The landscaping boom of the twentieth century in rural and urban environments altered the land through the use of supplementary resources. "Currently, we frequently select plants that are not highly adapted to dry climate regions and need regular care and attention to perform well" (ATTN). Since the onset of Conservation campaigns of the 1980s, we are quickly finding that the most functional landscapes are those whose native state has remained intact. The native species and their particular interactions with water, light, and soil in Mediterranean climates are those that landscape architects are returning to now, for their inherent ability to succeed in arid or semi-arid environments with relatively little rainfall. The ability to design functional landscapes around the parameters of native environments is the landscaper's role in sustainability. In order to be considered functional and sustainable, design concepts in both rural and urban areas should be guided by bioregionalism. Bioregionalism is the idea that life species native to specific regions or microclimates are those suited to the given environment. The coupling of those life systems and its environment creates a self-sustaining ecosystem and necessitates no use of additional resources. The scientific concept of bioregionalism is used in practice for landscape architects and known as green landscape design. Green landscape design is a sub-discipline of landscape design. Like green building, it is setting a new, more environmentally friendly standard for its parent field. The field generally emphasizes the use of native plants to restore or maintain natural habitats and the healthy functioning of ecosystems. (Kravitz 2006) The methods taken at the initial planning stages determine the forthcoming sustainability of the areas altered. Responsible techniques taken at the design stage will ensure that while alterations in landscape take place, it is with little or no detriment to the land's natural state. During this architectural conception, the landscaper must endeavor to maintain the integrity of the natural ecosystem. A benefit of returning landscapes to their natural states is that few natural resources are needed. Watering and supplemented nutrients like mulch and fertilizers are kept to a minimum. This principle encompasses a landscape designer's use of xeriscaping, turfgrasses, hardscaping, plant location, and plant selection. Soil nutrition and water conservation are part of the bioregion to consider. Designers reconstruct landscapes using their natural biology. The ability to maintain constructed landscapes with minimal additional resources is the concept of a sustainable/functional environment. Xeriscaping Xeriscaping is an ideal technique within Mediterranean climates and its microclimates. The process is carried out by using drought tolerant plants. The potential in xeriscaping evolves from the choice of flora. The use of drought tolerant plants conserves water; these are often the native species that occur within the arid Mediterranean climate. In this, xeriscaping is dually advantageous. Less water is needed for